An operating system is a program that acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner. Understanding the evolution of operating systems gives us an appreciation for what an operating system does and how it does it. We trace the development of operating systems from the first hands-on systems, through multiprogrammed and time-shared systems, to current handheld and real-time systems.
The operating system must ensure the correct operation of the computer system. The hardware must provide appropriate mechanisms to prevent user programs from interfering with the proper operation of the system. We describe the basic computer architecture taht makes it possible to write a correct operating system. The operating system provides certain services to programs and to the users of those programs in order to make their tasks easier. The services differ from one operating system to another, but we identify and explore some common classes of these services.
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