/home
In normal configurations, each user is given a directory in /home. Ordinary users can only write files in their home directories. This limitation protects the system from errant user activity.
/lib
Contains shared library files used by the core system programs. These are similar to DLLs in Windows.
/lost+found
Each formatted partition or device using a Linux file system, such as ext3, will have this directory. It is used in the case of a partial recovery from a file system corruption event. Unless something really bad has happened to your system, this directory will remain empty.
/media
On modern Linux systems the /media directory will contain the mount points for removable media such USB
drives, CD-ROMs, etc. that are mounted automatically at insertion.
/mnt
On older Linux systems, the /mnt directory contains mount points for removable devices that have been mounted manually.
/opt
The /opt directory is used to install “optional” software. This is mainly used to hold commercial software products that may be installed on your system.
/proc
The /proc directory is special. It's not a real file system in the sense of files stored on your hard drive. Rather, it is a virtual file system maintained by the Linux kernel. The “files” it contains are peepholes into the kernel itself. The files are readable and will give you a picture of how the kernel sees your computer.
/root
This is the home directory for the root account.
/sbin
This directory contains “system” binaries. These are programs that perform vital system tasks that are generally reserved for the superuser.
/tmp
The /tmp directory is intended for storage of temporary, transient files created by various programs. Some
configurations cause this directory to be emptied each time the system is rebooted.
/usr
The /usr directory tree is likely the largest one on a Linux system. It contains all the programs and support files used by regular users.
/usr/bin
/usr/bin contains the executable programs installed by your Linux distribution. It is not uncommon for this directory to hold thousands of programs.
/usr/lib
The shared libraries for the programs in /usr/bin.
/usr/local
The /usr/local tree is where programs that are not included with your distribution but are intended for system-
wide use are installed. Programs compiled from source code are normally installed in /usr/local/bin. On a newly installed Linux system, this tree exists, but it will be empty until the system administrator puts something in it.
/usr/sbin
Contains more system administration programs.
/usr/share
/usr/share contains all the shared data used by programs in /usr/bin. This includes things like default configuration files, icons, screen backgrounds, sound files, etc.
/usr/share/doc
Most packages installed on the system will include some kind of documentation. In /usr/share/doc, we will
find documentation files organized by package.
/var
With the exception of /tmp and /home, the directories we have looked at so far remain relatively static, that is, their contents don't change. The /var directory tree is where data that is likely to change is stored. Various databases, spool files, user mail, etc. are located here.
/var/log
/var/log contains log files, records of various system activity. These are very important and should be monitored from time to time.
/var/log/messages. Note that for security reasons on some systems, you must be the superuser to view log files .
/usr/share/doc
Most packages installed on the system will include some kind of documentation. In /usr/share/doc, we will
find documentation files organized by package.
/var
With the exception of /tmp and /home, the directories we have looked at so far remain relatively static, that is, their contents don't change. The /var directory tree is where data that is likely to change is stored. Various databases, spool files, user mail, etc. are located here.
/var/log
/var/log contains log files, records of various system activity. These are very important and should be monitored from time to time.
/var/log/messages. Note that for security reasons on some systems, you must be the superuser to view log files .
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